Evolution Korea
The democratic system in South Korea is prone to populist tendencies. It's still better than was expected.
무료 에볼루션 is looking for a new development paradigm. A Confucian culture that emphasizes respect for the ancestors and gendered family relations continues to influence society. There are signs of a secularist cultural trend that is emerging.
Origins
In the early days the ancestors of the today's Koreans were capable of survival through hunting and gathering wild foods. Around 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet, beans, and other crops. They also raised livestock and made furs. These people formed tribal states in succession in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also established an industry of metallurgy, which produced iron tools and bronze. They traded with other states and introduced Celadon, paper making, block printing art styles, as well as a written language to Japan.
In 2333 BCE Gojoseon was established in the southern region of the peninsula. This state embraced Chinese culture that included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. In this time, the inhabitants of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical state where the monarch and other senior officials were members of the land aristocracy, while the majority of the population was peasants. The state extracted taxes from these citizens and often required them to fight in the army or work on projects of the government, like building fortifications.
By the end of the period the state of Baekje was founded by Onjo who was a prince of Goguryeo and was the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo. The new kingdom expanded to the southwest part of the peninsula, and fought against Goguryeo's commanderies and China's in the area. Baekje incorporated aspects of Confucian beliefs into its official beliefs and made the male-centric filiopiety idea as a law in 1390 CE. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were accountable to their families. They must be obedient to everyone and respected even by their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, a nation which ruled from 918 until 1392 CE and gave the world the Hangul Alphabet, based on the patterns created by the mouth when it pronounces. This dramatically improved the communication between people and led to an explosion in the writing of Buddhist texts. Woodblock printing and the movable metal type were also improved. It was during this period that the Samguk sagi, also known as 'History of the Three Kingdoms' was first recorded in 1145 CE.
Evolution in Korea
The Korean peninsula has been habitable since Neolithic times. The earliest evidence for human settlements is visible in the form of graves lined with stone, with precious objects like amazonite jewelry being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures, also known as dolmens and built of large stones in a single piece, are common in the country.
In the first part of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognisable political state. The peninsula was later under the control of a variety of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE) which included Baekje and Goguryeo. Additionally, the northern part of the peninsula was ruled by the Balhae kingdom, which the majority of historians do not consider to be a proper Korean state.
Following the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states emerged during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Baekje, the most powerful of these states, was weakened by the collapse of Goguryeo (676 CE) leaving only its southern regions in Manchuria, and the western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo as well as the Gaya confederacy, flourished for a time.
The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged, and the three kingdoms began to cooperate to expand their territory. In the final, Silla, with significant Chinese assistance, defeated the other states and unified the peninsula in 935 CE.
As Korea is entering a post-crisis period the way it develops appears to be in flux. People who are shocked by the enormous cost of the old system are in favor of a comprehensive plan for liberalization of capital, labor and product markets. On the other hand the supporters of the old system attempt to preserve it through nationalist sentiments, and by inflating fears about potential job losses.
Policy and academic analysts are in a tense debate about the extent to the extent that these two developments are driving Koreas shift towards an economic model that is radically different from the one of governance. This article reviews the latest developments by analyzing five phases of the country's political evolution including illiberal democracy (1945-60) democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) and authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87), democratic paternalism (1987-2001) and participatory democracy (2002 to present). This article also highlights key factors that seem to be influencing these developments.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. Creationists have had success in promoting their views to this population. A 2009 survey revealed that nearly a third of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of the respondents, 41% believed that there was no scientific evidence to support the theory 39% of respondents claimed that it did not align with their religious beliefs. 17 percent said they didn't understand it. This level of disbelief is similar to the United States where a similar number do not believe that humans evolved from lesser advanced forms of life.
In the past of the anti-evolutionist movement in Korea was focused on teaching college students and bringing them to Christ. In 1980 an all-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the main speakers. This event attracted a huge number of pastors, professors, church leaders, and scientists.
The success of the event led to the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research on January 31st of 1980. The inaugural meeting was widely reported in national newspapers, such as The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo, and it received wide attention.
KACR began publishing a newsletter titled CREATION. In it, the group published its own activities and published articles about scientific evidence for the existence of God. It also translated several slides and film strips from ICR and also some books on the subject of creationism, which were already published outside of Korea. KACR members gave lectures across the nation in universities and churches.
One instance of one KACR success story took place at the KAIST university in Seoul. Students at the KAIST university in Seoul were so interested in creationism, they raised money and got funding to build a small creationist museum on campus.
In addition to its work, KACR has published a bimonthly publication called CREATION. The magazine covers a variety of topics in the creation science. It also sponsored a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also created a network of local branch offices that host talks and seminars to schoolchildren and other community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the latter half of the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, Korea began to adopt a more Westernized lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok was replaced by miniskirts and other fashion elements from abroad. Similarly, traditional Korean music styles were replaced by contemporary rock and roll and jazz. In this time the famous samulnori, also known as dance-dramas with masks were extremely popular. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums as well as various musical instruments.
Korea's new development paradigm is being formed in the aftermath of the economic crisis. The new regime's main challenge is the balance between state-led economic policies as well as market-oriented ones. It also involves changing the incentives, monitoring, and disciplining strategies that have shaped the pre-crisis system. These issues are examined in Chapters 3 and 4.
Established by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established jointly by people living along the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other areas, and people from northern China. Baekje was an important regional power in the early 4th century expanded its territory to Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do south. Consequently, it came into frequent conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders along the border.
The fall of Silla in the late 8th and early 9th centuries enabled strong local factions to emerge. Gungye, a noble from Later Baekje, established a kingdom with Songak as its capital. He also held control over a portion of the present-day Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju. He was a rival to Goguryeo.
His rule was however short-lived. After his defeat, Gungye was replaced by a powerful local leader Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later, Baekje was peacefully incorporated into Goryeo as an alternative state. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened the centralized ruling system. This marked the closing of the Three Kingdoms period. The Korean peninsula was then ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually became powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.